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Darwin recognized that he evidence of ancient changes he was seeing were probably similar to Earth changes he was witnessing during his time period. Layers of silt covered marine fossils, earthquakes caused changes in the geologic formations, and volcanoes covered land formations and fossils.
Geologists supported Darwin's ideas by helping him understand the concept of gradual change over long periods of time. The study of rock layers and fossils provided evidence for the slow evolution of species, which aligned with Darwin's theory of natural selection. Additionally, geologists helped Darwin appreciate the vast age of the Earth, allowing for enough time for evolution to occur.
Fossils' existence confirms that species are not fixed but can evolve into other species over time
he noticed that there were different species of animals on different islands which he concluded was from speciation. the geologic form of the different islands led him to the conclusion that they were once a single species on one island.
It Gave evidence and the fossil organisms on the bottom or older layers were more primitive than those in upper or newer layers.
Fossils are found most commonly in layers of sedimentary rock. This type of rock begins to form when water and wind form layers of sand and silt.
Darwin predicted that the fossil record would either prove or falsify his theory. Darwin realized the difficulty the fossil record (missing links) gave his theory when he said, "Why, if species have descended from other species by fine graduation, do we not everywhere see innumerable transitional forms? Why is not all nature in confusion, instead of the species being, as we see them, well defined?" Today, top evolutionists know that Darwin's predictions of what the fossil record would reveal have failed.
Fossils' existence confirms that species are not fixed but can evolve into other species over time
Fossils in rock layers can be used for relative dating, where older fossils are found in lower layers and younger fossils in higher layers. By comparing the fossils in different layers to known fossil sequences, scientists can estimate the age of the rocks. Fossils provide a timeline of life on Earth and can help determine the relative ages of rock layers.
Fossils, rock layers, and mountain ranges were some of the land features that provided evidence for Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift.
Older fossils may not always be found at the bottom layers of rocks due to geological processes like folding, faulting, or erosion, which can disrupt the original order. In these cases, older fossils may be found at higher layers while younger fossils are found in lower layers.
Fossils that appear all over the world in particular rock layers are called index fossils. These fossils are used by scientists to correlate and date rock layers in different locations, providing insights into the Earth's geological history and past environments.