easy money policy
According to Economic theory, if the money supply expands, interest rates decrease. All things being equal an expansion in money supply will lead to lower interest rates: 1. Completel Equilibrium (money demanded = money supplied) 2. Monetary expansion (Money demaned < Money supply) 3. Reduce interest rates (increases opportunity cost of savings and so consumers spend more). 4. Money demand = money supply
According to Economic theory, if the money supply expands, interest rates decrease. All things being equal an expansion in money supply will lead to lower interest rates: 1. Completel Equilibrium (money demanded = money supplied) 2. Monetary expansion (Money demaned < Money supply) 3. Reduce interest rates (increases opportunity cost of savings and so consumers spend more). 4. Money demand = money supply
It means to decrease, or lower, the money supply. EXAMPLE: The feds sold treasury bonds and bills in order to contract (decrease) money supply.
The Federal Reserve expands the monetary supply by buying government bonds and lowering interest rates. This allows for more money to be put into circulation, making it available for banks and consumers.
easy money policy
lower interest rates..
The money supply affects interest rates by influencing the supply and demand for money in the economy. When the money supply increases, there is more money available for lending, which can lower interest rates. Conversely, a decrease in the money supply can lead to higher interest rates as there is less money available for borrowing. Overall, changes in the money supply can impact interest rates by affecting the cost of borrowing and lending money in the economy.
Changes in the money supply can impact interest rates in the economy by influencing the supply and demand for money. When the money supply increases, interest rates tend to decrease as there is more money available for borrowing, leading to lower borrowing costs. Conversely, a decrease in the money supply can lead to higher interest rates as borrowing becomes more expensive due to limited money supply.
The control of money supply can be achieved with two main concepts. One is to lower interest rates and the other is to control spending.
The central bank cannot control the money supply completely because it relies on financial institutions and the public's behavior in the economy. For instance, when banks lend money, they create deposits, which expands the money supply beyond the central bank's direct influence. Additionally, factors like consumer confidence, demand for loans, and the velocity of money can vary, affecting the overall money supply in unpredictable ways. These dynamics make it challenging for central banks to exert total control.
The Federal Reserve (or Fed) increases the money supply by buying back outstanding U.S. Gov't Securities (bonds and such). By doing so, they are adding more currency into the economy, thus increasing the supply of money, or money supply. Conversely, the Fed can also lower the money supply. To do so, they simply sell U.S. Gov't Securities. This means that they sell bonds out and bring currency in, thus reducing the money supply.
Friedman's quantity theory of money focuses on long-run changes in money supply and its relationship with nominal income. Fisher's quantity theory expands on this to account for both short-run and long-run changes in money supply and velocity of money. Fisher also incorporates the concept of the equation of exchange to explain the relationship between money supply, velocity, price level, and real income.