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Different colours travel at different velocity in a glass medium. Refractive index is defined as the ratio of the velocity of light in free space to that in medium. So refractive index becomes different for different colours. Now by Snell's law the refractive index is inversely proportional to the angle of refraction. Hence different colours get deviated at different angle of refraction. So the splitting of composite white light into its constituent colours has become possible. If these again fall at a parallel surface as in the case of a glass slab the colours split would get combined back and emerge as white light. But we have prism where the two refracting surfaces are at inclined and further splitting takes place and hence dispersion.

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Q: What explains why a prism separate white light into the colors of the rainbow?
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Related questions

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When light goes through a prism, it separates into a rainbow.


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