The Eurasian peoples moving west - Goths, Vandals, Huns, Franks, Bulgars and others.
The leaders of the Roman empire during its decline were the emperors.
The rule of Commudus marked the beginning of decline of the Roman Empire. A sudden rise in inflation during his reign damaged the credit market. This led to reduced distance trade, a disrupting of Rome's mining operations and the transfer of gold outside the empire by invading enemies, all served to diminish the money supply and banking.
The decline of the Ottoman Empire and the rise of nationalism during the Ottoman Empire.
The period of disorder after the decline of the Roman Empire led to an extended period of disunity during the Middle Ages that was characterized by feudalism.
Urbanization was able to grow rapidly in India during the Maurya empire.
* The German Empire. * The Austria-Hungarian Empire. * The Ottoman Empire. * Bulgaria
The fall of the Roman empire
The most prominent declining Islamic Empire in the Early 20th century was the Ottoman Empire, which was declining from 1700s-1923 when it was officially ended. However, the Qajjar and Safavid Empires had also been in decline during the same period in Iran.
Historians generally agree that the Roman Empire was already in decline before Christianity became dominant during the fourth century CE. Some say that Christianity was the dominant reason for its subsequent rapid decline, at least in the west, while others say that it was only a contributing factor, although an important one. Christianity did not actually strengthen the empire.
Its enemies were the Central Powers including Austria-Hungary, Germany and the Ottoman Empire. Its allies were the Entente Powers which included the US, the UK, Italy and France.
The most prominent declining Islamic Empire in the Early 20th century was the Ottoman Empire, which was declining from 1700s-1923 when it was officially ended. However, the Qajjar and Safavid Empires had also been in decline during the same period in Iran.
Initially, it was Rome. The capital was moved by Emperor Constantine to Constantople (modern Istanbul) for strategic reasons: it was more easily defended. He named it Nova Roma; it was named after Constantine following his death.