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[General Answer - applies to DSLR & 35mm] The smaller the f-stop value, the smaller the depth of field. In typical "snap-shot" working distances, f2.8 - f4 typically provide small DoF and nicely blurred backgrounds.

BUT - there are a couple of 'Gotchas'

(Examples below assume 35mm film or full frame DSLR)

  • Focal length effects DoF
    • 24mm lens @ f/4 working 10 ft from subject = DoF 20.9 ft
    • 35mm lens @ f/4 working 10 ft from subject = DoF 6.47 ft
    • 50mm lens @ f/4 working 10 ft from subject = DoF 2.94 ft
    • 100mm lens @ f/4 working 10 ft from subject = DoF .71 ft
  • Subject distance effects DoF
    • 50mm lens @ f/4 working 20 ft from subject - DoF 12.7 ft
    • 50mm lens @ f/4 working 10 ft from subject - DoF 2.94 ft
    • 50mm lens @ f/4 working 5 ft from subject - DoF .71 ft
    • 50mm lens @ f/4 working 2 ft from subject - DoF .11 ft

Another DoF 'Gotcha'

  • The bigger the image sensor, the longer your focal length.
  • The smaller the image sensor, the shorter your focal length.
    • A typical point a shoot camera will have an actual focal length of 5mm - 35mm
    • That provides the same effective viewing angle as a 20mm - 140mm zoom on a full frame DSLR
    • Because of the smaller sensor, you must shoot at 24mm instead of 100mm (See 24mm vs 100mm above)
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