religeon ~c=3
3
The Islamic Caliphates provided much of the basic science that the European Scientific Revolution used as grounding for its scientific discoveries. Other than that, the Scientific Revolution itself did not involve the Islamic Caliphates or Islamic Empires in the slightest.
Civilizations often transcend Empires and are not dependent on their survival. For example, Roman civilization was both a Republic and an Empire.
Islam as a religion expanded as the Islamic Empires expanded through conquest and where Islamic merchants met with receptive cultures outside of the Islamic Empires.
the Abbasid. The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal were the only early modern Islamic empires
to take the holy land back from the Islamic empires. to take the holy land back from the Islamic empires.
to take the holy land back from the Islamic empires. to take the holy land back from the Islamic empires.
Vast Empires
religion
it was hard
he united the mongolian tribes
Islamic