microtubules
The fiber-like protein units that make up the cell's cytoskeleton, mitotic spindle, and centrioles in animal cells are called microtubules. These tubular structures play crucial roles in cell division, cellular organization, and structural support.
microfiliments and microtubulars
Organelles that are not made of membranes include ribosomes, the cytoskeleton, and centrioles. Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins and are responsible for protein synthesis. The cytoskeleton provides structural support and aids in cell movement, while centrioles play a role in cell division. Unlike membrane-bound organelles, these structures are more akin to complex protein assemblies.
The centriole is the organizing center of the cytoskeleton. During the division phase of the cell-cycle, the centriole divides, the two resulting centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell. Then, the protein fibers that form between them penetrate the decomposing nuclear envelope, attach themselves to the chromosomes, and pull them into the midline between the two centrioles, aligning the chromosomes in the equatorial plane. The centrioles, the tractor (protein) fibers, and the chromosomes together form the mitotic spindle. In the next step, the spindle shortens and the chromosomes split into sister chromatids, which migrate to the two centrioles.
The pericentriolar material (PCM) is a dense network of protein fibers and complexes located around centrioles. It serves as the primary site from which microtubules of the mitotic spindle nucleate and grow during mitosis. The PCM plays a crucial role in organizing and anchoring microtubules to ensure proper spindle formation and chromosome segregation.
During the metaphase of cell division, the spindle fibers radiate from the centrioles at the opposite poles of the cell. When the spindle fibers start to pull the chromosomes to opposite poles, this marks the anaphase of cell division.
The cytoskeleton maintains the cell shape with a network of protein filaments. The cytoskeleton also protects and helps with movement of cell.
Microtubules from the cytoskeleton of the cell
Cytoskeleton is made up of protein.There are many proteins.
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Cytoskeleton
Cell PlateCell Plate