Energy is often released in the form of hydrogen ions moving down an electrochemical gradient, such in chloroplasts or mitochondria.
At least 10 protons pass through ATP synthase in order to make a molecule of ATP.
three H+ protons
No order. It flows in all of the parts at the same time.
The hydrogen ions pumped across the innermembrane into the thylacoid space fall down the electrochemical gradient through the ATP synthase where ADP is phosphorylated into ATP which is then used in the Calvin cycle rearrangements of carbon fixed intermediates to produce the gyceraldehyde-3-phosphate sugar the plants need. Simplified explanation.
One hydrogen ion is needed to pass through the ATP synthase in order for one ATP molecule to be created.
A membrane separation is crucial for ATP synthase to establish a proton gradient across the membrane. This gradient serves as the driving force for ATP synthesis as protons flow through the ATP synthase from high to low concentration. Without this separation, the necessary proton gradient cannot be generated.
In order for electron transfer and ATP synthesis to continue after the first disruption, an intact electron transport chain and a functioning ATP synthase enzyme must be present. The electron transport chain allows for the movement of electrons, while ATP synthase uses the energy generated from this flow of electrons to produce ATP.
The Amazon River flows through several countries in South America in the following order: Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela. It starts in Peru and primarily flows through Brazil before emptying into the Atlantic Ocean.
They produce chlorophyl in order to make energy through photosynthesis.
Heat flows from areas of high temperature to areas of low temperature in order to achieve thermal equilibrium. This flow occurs through conduction, convection, or radiation depending on the medium through which the heat is transferred.
Urine is produced in the kidneys, travels through the ureters to the bladder, and is then expelled through the urethra.
three H+ protons