It gives weight to a mass. My mass presses down with a force of 82 kilograms.
When you weigh yourself, the force of gravity is pulling you down to the scale. Therefore weight is determined by gravity.
You're on to it! Gravity appears to be a property of mass. No mass - no gravity. But exactly what gravity is we don't yet know.
A force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses
Gravity can be measured many ways. You can drop an object and observe how it falls and determine the objects acceleration. With that in hand you can then calculate the force required, and measure gravity that way. You can use a scale, and determine the force acting upon the object placed on it to compress the springs a certain distance, or deflect it a certain distance (depending on the scale's design). A pendulum can be used to measure gravity. The period of a pendulum is directly influenced by the magnitude of the accelerating force (gravity) you can measure altitude with a sensitive pendulum. As gravity is a force, any method you would use to determine the force of one object exerting upon another would work to measure gravity.
speed and velocity
Gravity is a force which, as far as we have been able to determine, operates everywhere in the universe and is felt by everything that has mass, so I am not sure why you think that there are exactly five examples of gravity. There are limitless examples of the functioning of gravity, but there is only one force of gravity.
-- the massses of the two masses that are being pulled together by gravity -- the distance between them
The bouyant force acts in an upward direction against gravity. It keeps things from sinking.
Isacc Newton
Gravity is the only force of friction if it and the environment is at rest.
The two properties that determine the force of gravity between two objects are the product of the masses (mM) and the square of the distance between the masses,r: F= GmM/r^2
The force of gravity between any two objects depends on the mass of the first object and the distance of the second object.