Gravitation. See the answer to the question concerning Johannes Kepler's accomplishments.
As the orbital radius increases, the period of the orbit also increases. This is because the gravitational force weakens with distance and it takes longer for the object to complete a full orbit at larger distances from the center of mass.
For larger orbital radii, the orbital periods increase. This is because the gravitational force decreases with distance, leading to slower speeds and longer times to complete an orbit. Kepler's third law states that the square of the orbital period is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis length.
centripetal force...
You can determine the mass of any planet by astronomically determining the planet's orbital radius and period. Then calculate the required centripetal force and equate this force to the force predicted by the law of universal gravitation using the sun's mass
Yes, the mass of a planet affects its orbital period according to Kepler's third law of planetary motion. The heavier the planet, the longer its orbital period will be. This is because a more massive planet exerts a stronger gravitational force, causing it to move more slowly around its star.
A moon does not float in space because of the gravitational force of the planet around which the moon in question orbits. Although moons differ in size and in orbital speed, among other considerations, all are as it were "stuck" to their planets by gravitational pull.
Force of Gravity, i think.
Gravity
The Galilean moons—Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto—remain in orbit around Jupiter due to the planet's strong gravitational pull. This gravitational force keeps the moons in stable orbits as they revolve around Jupiter. The balance between their orbital velocity and Jupiter's gravitational pull keeps them from escaping or falling into the planet.
The Sun.
Nature
The force of a damper in mechanical systems helps to absorb and dissipate energy from vibrations, reducing their amplitude and controlling the motion of the system.