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Gravitational Force
Nobody has any idea. Several hundred have been identified. But it's a hugely difficult process, and more keep being discovered all the time. It's beginning to look like most stars have planets, and nobody is even sure of how many STARS there are in the Milky Way Galaxy, because some of THEM are so hard to see..
Planets do not technically need their respective stars, but stars keep planets in orbit and provide heat and light to the planets.
Stars are made up of space matter (dust and particles such as rocks) and the gases which keep stars burning are Helium and Hydrogen.
The force of gravity. This is the only significant inner force in any star.
Gravity and inertia are the two forces that act on all matter in the universe. If there were only two stars in the universe and they were standing still, the force of gravity would cause them to eventually fall together and collide. But there are hundreds of billions of stars in the Milky Way alone, and billions of other galaxies out there, and NOTHING is standing still; everything is in motion. The primary forces that keep the stars from falling together is the rotation of the Milky Way; all the stars appear to orbit the center of the Milky Way.
Gravitational Force
Gravity - nothing more, nothing less
If there was no force then there would be no balance to keep things in place
Well, the forces that keep it in place are gravity and friction. You pretty much answered the question yourself.
Nobody has any idea. Several hundred have been identified. But it's a hugely difficult process, and more keep being discovered all the time. It's beginning to look like most stars have planets, and nobody is even sure of how many STARS there are in the Milky Way Galaxy, because some of THEM are so hard to see..
Gravity is the force that keeps all things in our universe in place. Enstien theorised that gravity and time were intertwined in to a "fabric".
Forces essentially cause everything in the universe. The combination of magnetic, electric, and gravitational forces explain how stars are born and die as well as how you can move.
What a great question! The Milky Way galaxy, of which the Sun is a part, has approximately one hundred billion stars. Keep in mind that stars and being created and destroyed all the time. As to how many galaxies there are, and a rough estimate of how many stars, it is hard to say because not all of the universe, such as it is, has been observed, and hypotheses vary wildly, so any guess is probably not helpful.
We aren't sure. The bigger the star, the brighter it is and the easier it is to see. On the other hand, dwarf stars are quite dim. The nearest star to our Sun is Proxima Centauri, a red dwarf at a distance of 4.2 light years. Even though it is the CLOSEST star, you cannot see it without a telescope!There does not appear to be enough mass in the Milky Way galaxy to keep it together, and various explanations of the "missing mass" have been suggested, from "dark matter" to a massive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. I wonder if perhaps there might be vast numbers of undetectably-dim dwarf stars scattered throughout space.
Our Sun is pretty much average. It's larger than about 60 to 70 % of the other stars in the Milky Way; the estimate increases as we keep discovering more and more very small and very dim brown dwarf "stars" (that are right on the boundary between "star" and "not star").
stellar black holes like the one in the center of the milky way do not die, they just keep feeding and growing as long as there is matter available to fall into them. however it is unlikely that the black hole in the center of the milky way could consume the milky way before andromeda collides with it, stripping both galaxies of most of their stars and forming a new composite galaxy. in this collision the two black holes of the two galaxies could either merge or begin orbiting each other.