Asteroids, comets, planets, the Sun and other object form the solar system
our solar system is part of the milky way galaxy
The sun.
Yes, on earth.
accretion disc
To you and me, probably very important since we live in it. I am not sure our solar system is very important to life forms on the other side of the universe.
A comet.
No. Comets are made from the leftover material when a solar system forms.
If there were no gravity, you would not have a Solar System. It is the force of gravity that attracts the various members together and forms a system.
There are thousands and thousands of other planets outside of our solar system, along with many other galaxies, universes, and planetoids, and possibly other forms of life.
Solar energy is energy from the sun, so really it forms on it own, but Russell Ohl discovered it and he was from America.
Within our solar system at the present time, no. Regarding planets orbiting other stars outside our solar system, our present technology is nowhere near able to tell.
Most of our solar system is made up of hydrogen.