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It depends what other conditions you are giving us. Most elements and compounds exist at all three states (solid, liquid, and gas) at various temperatures and pressures. Even lead can exist at a vapor, albeit at a very high temperature. However you probably are more interested in the gas with the highest density at a temperature and pressure that we can all relate to, Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure (SATP), which is essentially room temperature (25 deg C) and at a pressure equal to that at ground level (1 ATM).

If you want to know the gas with the greatest density regardless of SATP, the densest gas is Ununoctium or element 118. It exist as a gas near SATP, at around 50-110 deg C. Ununoctium is currently the only synthetic member of group 18 and has the highest atomic number and highest Atomic Mass assigned to a discovered element. The radioactive ununoctium atom is very unstable, and since 2002, only three atoms of the isotope 294Uuo have been detected. Although ununoctium is a member of the noble gas group, it could have a higher chemical reactivity than some elements outside this group. It was formerly thought to be a gas but is now predicted to be a semimetallic solid under normal conditions.

If you want to know the gas with the greatest density at that at SATP, the densest gas is tungsten hexafluoride. This corrosive, colourless compound is the densest known gas at a pressure of 1 ATM and room temperature (25 deg C). The colorless gas is most commonly used in the production of semiconductor circuits and circuit boards through the process of chemical vapor deposition. It has a density of 13.1 grams per liter of gas.

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13y ago

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