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Due to faulting or folding.
Compressive stress causes the "crumpling" and folding of rock layers.
Older rocks can be found above younger rocks in a cross section due to processes like faulting and folding. Faulting occurs when rock layers break and move along a fault plane, causing older rocks to be displaced above younger rocks. Folding occurs when rock layers are subjected to compressive forces, resulting in older rocks being pushed up and over younger rocks. These geologic forces create the observed order of rock layers in a cross section.
"Folding" is the term that describes the bending of rock layers due to stress.There are different types of Folds and these include:Anticlinal Folds: This is when the rock layers have an upward-arching folds.Synclinal Folds: This is when the rock layers have a downward, trough-like folds.Monoclinal Folds: This is when both rock layers ends are horizontal.
Faulting.
Due to faulting or folding.
Compressive stress causes the "crumpling" and folding of rock layers.
Whenfolding, faulting, and uplifting occurs, the youngest rock layer can not always be on top. With folding the oldest rock layer could get folded over on top of a younger layer. When faulting occurs a younger rock layer can become "lower" or pushed more down in the rock layers that was originally shown. When these things happen, then rock layers can become out of order and the youngest layer is not always on the top of the layer.
Erosion of already deposited layers or a time span of non-deposition.
tilting, folding, and faulting may also complicate the analysis of a stratigraphic sequence. Additionally, molten rock may force its way through surrounding rocks and might squeeze between older rock layers, also forming an exception to the laws. However, such anomalies leave physical evidence for geologist to find in the disturbed rocks - for example, faulted rock layers may be cracked, broken, or metamorphosed along the fault lines.
Older rocks can be found above younger rocks in a cross section due to processes like faulting and folding. Faulting occurs when rock layers break and move along a fault plane, causing older rocks to be displaced above younger rocks. Folding occurs when rock layers are subjected to compressive forces, resulting in older rocks being pushed up and over younger rocks. These geologic forces create the observed order of rock layers in a cross section.
"Folding" is the term that describes the bending of rock layers due to stress.There are different types of Folds and these include:Anticlinal Folds: This is when the rock layers have an upward-arching folds.Synclinal Folds: This is when the rock layers have a downward, trough-like folds.Monoclinal Folds: This is when both rock layers ends are horizontal.
Faulting.
Most rock layers (and ALL sedimentary layers) start out flat. Folding changes the angle of lie (even to perpendicular and beyond).
what causes a rock to break into many layers. DOES WATER
Folding is the bending of rock layers due to stress.
Geologic column is an ordered arrangement of rock layers that is based on the relative age of the rocks. Geologic time is the time IN the geologic column.