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xerxes
Persia did not unify, the Persian Empire was divided into 20 provinces with Persian governors.. Within the provinces, local government continued along its normal course - city-states, tribes, petty kingdoms, which kept the various peoples happy, with the governors looking after internal and external security, taxes and development.
Having gained and consolidated the empire, Persia set about establishing internal and external security, effective government with local rule, controlled by Persian provincial governors, overseen by the king and his council. Persia applied fair taxes and tried to promote prosperity.
monarchy
Chained and unchained
Persia had a king, not an emperor. The Persian king Darius I was at home in Persia when the battle of Marathon took place, so he was not killed at Marathon. Darius the Great died of natural causes 14 years after Marathon.
The aria 'Ombra mai fu' from Handel's 'Serse' is sung by Xerxes I of Persia, also known as Xerxes the Great, King of Persia.
It was 480 BCE, and the king of Persia (not emperor) was Xerxes.
Earth and water, as a symbol of their agreement to Persian rule under Persian provincial governors and local tyrants appointed by Persia.
By leaving local government in the hand of reliable local despots, establishing twenty Persian provincial governors to control them, and enciuraging prosperity to keep the people happy. As well, they provided external security to protect from intruders trying to move in.
A monarch with advisory council, provincial governors overseeing the various city-states, tribes and principalities which made up the empire.
Not at all. The Sparta was a limited democracy, the citizens voted in assembly on motions put to them by the council, the ephors did the day to day running. Persia was a kingdom ruled by a king and his council, with provincial governors doing the practical ruling.