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Possible French proof mark.
I may have a partial answer. The capital letter in a circle stamped on your gun sounds like a proof mark. To proof a gun, it was fired with ammunition loaded to several times the power of a normal load. This was done to ensure the safety of the shooter. If the gun survived the test successfully, a proof mark was stamped on it to show that it was a safe, tested gun. I don't know about the rest of your question, sorry.
ELG was the proof mark used by the proof house in Leige, Belgium
It can mean that it has passed proof testing, could be a maker's mark, could be an inspector mark.
What you are describing is a proof mark- evidence that the firearm was tested by the appointed government agency, and was found safe to fire. The Crown over letter U was the proof mark used by the Suhl, East Germany proof house after `1950. It will be on any gun made in that country in that time frame.
Not a maker's mark, but a government PROOF mark. Several European nations require that firearms go to a government test facility, where they are examined, and fired with a high pressure test cartridge to prove their safety. Used since 1904, your proof mark is from the Birmingham England proof house.
Not sure without seeing the mark - but it sounds as if you might be describing a proof mark, rather than a maker's mark. The standard proof mark for black powder shotguns made in Britain and proofed at Birmingham featured crossed somethings (I'm not sure they're swords, but they look something like swords) with a crown at the top between the ends. As a standard shotgun proof mark it should have the letters B P C between the crossed items, in the gaps other than the one with the crown. This mark also appears just with a V opposite the crown, as a view mark, indicating the gun was inspected at the Birmingham proof house.
Winchester Proof. The superposed "WP" in an oval indicates that gun was fired with a proof load (150% of normal load), and subsequently passed inspection.
Does the gun say where it was made? It could be a proof or acceptance mark. European marks are country/city specific. Other than that, the only thing I can think of is Bryco--an American firm known for its (*ahem*) lesser quality.
no
To find out what gun a bayonet is for, you should get on wikianswers.com and type in the info of the bayonet.
Fabrique Nationale, or more commonly known as FN