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Why does sodium foil result with fewer alpha particles compared to gold foil?
Sodium nuclei are much smaller than gold nuclei. Therefore, more alpha particles will hit the larger nucleus of gold because it is a much bigger target.
What happened to the alpha particles as they hit the gold foil?
They stop.
What will happen if you use beta particles on gold foil?
If the alpha particles hit the gold foil most of the alpha particles will pass through the gold foil because atoms mostly consists of empty space and some alpha particles will be deflected including a very small number of alpha particles will bounce back in the direction they came from because the atom has a very small positively charged mass called the nucleus.
What happened to the alpha particles as they hit he gold foil?
When alpha particles hit the gold foil in the famous Rutherford experiment, most of them passed straight through, while a few were deflected at large angles, indicating that the atom was mostly empty space with a dense positively charged nucleus. This unexpected result led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus.
What causes some of the alpha particles to bounce straight back from the gold foil?
Alpha particles are composed of two neutrons and two protons, so they have a positive charge. When the alpha particles bounced straight back from the gold foil, this indicated that they had hit a particle of like charge, in other words a positively charged particle in the gold foil, which repelled the alpha particle.
Is it true some particles bounce off the gold foil because they hit protons in the nucleus in the Rutherford gold foil experiment?
Yes, this is true because the positive core of the atom was denser than the alpha particles hitting the gold foil, this allowed Rutherford to create a more correct version of the atomic diagram. Alpha particles (Helium nuclei) are two protons and two neutrons (stuck together). They pass through much of the space that an atom of gold takes up, because most of the space is merely space (surrounded by electrons). When an alpha particle hits (or comes close) to the nucleus of gold, it get deflected (or bounces). The gold nucleus contains protons and neutrons.
Which observations helped Rutherford determine that atoms have tiny dense positively charged nuclei?
A+ answer: A few of the alpha particles in his expeirment were deflected from the gold foil at large angles. Scattering pattern of alpha particles 'shot' at a thin gold foil. Most went straight thru showing the nucleus was very small. Analysis of the scattering showed electrical repulsion, not that the particles actually hit the nucleus and bounced off.
How could Rutherford tell where the positivily charged particles went after hitting the gold foil?
Rutherford could determine the paths of positively charged particles (alpha particles) after they hit the gold foil by observing their scattering patterns. Most alpha particles passed through the foil, but some were deflected at large angles or even bounced back, which indicated that they encountered a dense, positively charged nucleus at the center of the gold atoms. By analyzing the angles and frequencies of these deflections, he inferred the existence and location of the nucleus, leading to the conclusion that atoms have a small, dense core surrounded by mostly empty space.
Who is the scientist who suggested that atoms contain a hard core containing most of the mass of an atom?
The scientist that suggested and proved that atoms contained a nucleus in which most of the weight of the atom was contained (in a very small volume) was Ernest Rutherford, in 1909. This was shown in the 'gold foil' experiment. This was made by shooting positively charged alpha particles, or a positively charged helium atom (2 protons, 2 nuetrons). these then when shot at the gold foil. some of the alpha particles just passed through the gold foil, but some were deflected. this proving that some hit the nucleus while others did not.
Why the alpha particles pass through the foil unaffected?
Alpha particles have high energy but relatively low charge density, so they interact weakly with the electrons in the atoms of the foil. Additionally, the majority of an atom is empty space, so most alpha particles pass through the foil without colliding with the nucleus. Only a few alpha particles are deflected or bounce back due to a direct hit on the positively charged nucleus of an atom in the foil.
What is the experimental evidence that most of an atomis empty space?
Ernest Rutherford determined that with his famous gold foil experiment. Here's what he did: he rigged an alpha particle emitter to shoot alpha particles (made up of 2 protons and 2 neutrons) through a thin piece of gold foil to hit a background where the particles would register their position when they hit. Most of the alpha particles passed clean through the gold foil without touching anything. But a certain small percentage bounced back, and a certain small percentage were deflected. Here's what he determined: 1. atoms are mostly empty space, because most passed clean through. 2. atoms have a nucleus which is tiny, but dense compared with the electron cloud. 3. that nucleus is positively charged, because it deflected the positively charged alpha particles. This experiment radically changed our view of the structure of an atom, and is one of the most famous experiments ever conducted in science.
Why in 1911 Rutherford and his co workers were surprised when they shot a narrow beam of alpha particles through a thin sheet of gold foil?
his theory was that the alpha particles would pass straight through the gold atoms with slight deflection due to the positive charge thought to be spread out in the gold atoms. When they tested the theory, they were suprised that a great majority of the alpha particles passed staight through the gold atoms withought deflection. even more suprizing a small fraction of the alpha particles bounced off the gold foil at very large angles. some even bounced strait back toward the sourse. Rutherford later recollected"this is almost as increadible as if you fired a 15 inch shell at a peice of tissue paper and it came right back and hit you"
