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The so-called Massacre of Amritsar of April 13 of that year in which British troops opened fire on a crowd of 10,000 unarmed Indian protesters, killing almost 400 and wounding another 1,200. The massacre was followed up by the proclamation of martial law and a wave of arrests and public floggings of people found guilty of transgression of the rules under martial law.

The British general responsible for both the massacre and the martial law proclamation was finally recalled to Britain but never punished, which in the eyes of many Indians was adding insult to injury.

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Q: What happend in 1919 which changed millions of Indians from loyal british subjects into nationalists?
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