The contingents from the Greek city-states held the pass to force the Persians to try to turn the defence from the sea. The Greek navy was lying in wait as they wanted a sea battle to destroy the Persian fleet and so leave the Persian army without supply and support. Loss of the fleet would also mean that the amphibious threat to the Greek cities would be gone, and they could sen out their armies to join up and fight a land battle.
A sea battle went on for three days and the Greeks lost. As its mission was over, the land force holding the pass returned to their cities. The Spartan and Thespian contingents remained behind to cover their withdrawal and were all destroyed.
The Greeks lost/then the Greeks won.
The Persian war ended Persian expansion to the west. Thermopylae was a minor tactical delaying action which failed.
The Battle of Thermopylae took place in the second of the two Persian Wars, also known more recently as the Greco-Persian Wars.
The persian wars that took place near marshes were the Thermopylae and Marathon wars.
Thermopylae was a very minor event in the 50-year Persian Wars. It failed to have any influence on the wars, and only later became symbolic of courage.
Greece was dominated by Athens after the Persian wars.
Thermopylae was a minor sideshow - the Persians rolled on and captured Athens. The invasion was decided at Salamis, Plataea and Mycale.
Persian gulf war
The Persian Wars lasted for 50 years. Once it ended, the people were finally at peace.
The Persian Wars where the Persians fought the Greeks (Greco-Persian Wars)occurred between 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC .
The Spartans did not 'follow' the Persians - they were part of a blocking force which delayed the Persian army for three days, and had no effect on the following two-year campaign which defeated the Persians at the battles of Salamis, Plataia and Mycale.
The Persian Wars ended 449 BCE. The Peloponnesian War amongst Greek cities led by Athens and Sparta respectively occurred 431-404 BCE.
The slowing of the Persian advance at Thermopylae by a force from Greek cities, including Sparta, was to force a sea battle ,but the Greek lost at sea, and the delaying force at Thermopylae was withdrawn. The Greeks won their sea battle at Salamis later on, so Thermopylae had no effect on the outcome of the war. It did, however, become a symbol of staunch resistance.