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Egypt had been under the rule of the Greek dynasty of the Ptolemys for about three centuries. A civil war broke out between Julius Caesar and the forces loyal ti the senate, led by Pompey, in Rome. A defeated Pompey fled to Egypt and was killed by the Egyptians. Caesar, in pursuit, also went to Egypt. The Egyptian queen, Cleopatra, became his lover and bore him a child. After Caesar's assassination Octavian and Marc Antony shared the Roman Empire. The former was in charge of the west and the latter was in charge of the east. Cleopatra became Marc Antony's lover and ally. They had three children. Octavian declared war on Cleopatra. This was a pretext to fight Marc Antony in a contest over who would become the sole rule of Rome and her territories. As their queen was dead, the Egyptians acclaimed Octavian their pharaoh.

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9y ago

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