What happened to Christianity after Nero falsely accused Christians of burning Rome?

Answer 1

Nero himself had been falsely accused of burning Rome and of fiddling while Rome burnt, but it has been established that he was outside Rome when the fire started and that he returned to lead the fire brigade efforts in person and did everything he could to help affected citizens. Because he had been falsely accused, it was expedient for him to find a culprit. Since the fire seemed to have started near a Christian quarter, it was at least plausible that some Christians had started the fire, and so they became the scapegoats.

The main action Nero took was to expel the Christians from Rome. In the aftermath of the fire and exacerbated by his preferential treatment of Greece, Nero became deeply unpopular among Romans, such that exaggerated stories of the extent of his cruelty were allowed to circulate after his death. It is likely that he prosecuted a few nominal culprits, but early Christian writings do not suggest that there were many martyrs under Nero, and certainly none outside the city of Rome. After Nero's death, Christians seem to have trickled back into the city to re-establish a Christian community.