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Since no jury is present during a bench trial, it is solely the judge who decides guilty or not guilty.
Yes, there is a difference. Pleading guilty is a voluntary admission of guilt by the defendant, whereas being convicted means that the court has found the defendant guilty after a trial or plea.
Tried in absence
A jury in a trial makes the same decisions as a judge would in a bench trial. Based on evidence, they decide if a person charged is guilty or innocent.
Unless there is a mistrial or a new trial is ordered after a conviction is appealed, there is only one trial per defendant per set of charges. An acquittal (finding of "not guilty") cannot be appealed. This is the same whether the trial is heard by a judge (a bench trial) or a jury.
it is called a bench trial
No, You will not be sentenced until after the trial and if you're found guilty of a crime.
In a jury trial, the case is heard and decided by a group of impartial individuals (the jury). In a bench trial, the case is heard and decided by a judge without a jury. The judge determines the outcome based on the evidence and arguments presented in court.
You go to trial, and you're either found not guilty or guilty. If found guilty, you'll serve time.
A trial to a judge sitting without a jury is called a "bench trial."
Not necessarily. The Prosecution could offer a plea-bargain in which case a more lenient sentence will be given for a lesser guilty plea. Barring that, the Bill of Rights gives every American the right of either a Bench-Trial (where the Judge will preside as Judge/Jury) or a Jury-Trial. Unless the charges are dismissed during the Arraignment or Pre-Trial, yes, pleading not-guilty to a crime of which you are charged will result in some kind of trial proceeding.
A "bench trial" is a trial before a judge sitting without a jury. The judge alone decides the case.