The electrons in un-ionic or non-ionic bonds occupy space in which at least two nuclear centers are contributing substantially to electrically attracting the electrons, whereas electrons in ionic bonds occupy space centered around a single nucleus as long as the ionic bonds are maintained.
The electrons are shared
all in + sd
depends on whether you are taking about a covalent bond or an ionic bond
One atom has lost electrons . And the other atom has gained electrons.
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Since calcium is a metal, it gives up electrons.
They are shared by the valence shells of the atoms involved in the bond.
They form a covalent bond.
they form a covalent bond
In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between atoms. These electrons are attracted to the positively charged nuclei of both atoms involved in the bond, creating a stable relationship between them. If a covalent bond is broken, the shared electrons are redistributed between the two atoms involved.
When one pair of electrons is shared, a single covalent bond exists. This bond can be either polar or nonpolar. If the electrons are equally shared, the bond is nonpolar. If the electrons are unequally shared, the bond is polar.
If the starting point are elements then the inner shell electrons (non valence) these orbit the nuclei of the atoms and the formation of a chemical bond does not affect these materially. What happens to the valence electrons depends on the bond formed. In an ionic bond electrons are transferred from say the metal atom to the nonmetal- these electrons essentially "orbit" the nuclei of the cations and anions. They are "localised". When a covalent bond is formed the valence electrons involved are shared between the atoms, they "orbit" both nuclei. When the bond is polar covalent they spend a little more time nearer the more electronegative element. When a "delocalised"covalent bond is formed as in bezene or graphite the electrons orbit a number of atomic nuclei. In a metallic bond the valence electrons are also delocalised (the sea of electrons model) across the metal lattice, but in transition metals there is additional bonding between electrons in d orbitals (the tight bound electrons) and these electrons are essentially localised.