the June solstice
The Tropic of Cancer is the northernmost point where the Sun shines directly overhead at noon in the June solstice (summer), whereas the Tropic of Capricorn is the southernmost point where the Sun shines directly overhead at noon in the December solstice (winter).
When the sun appears directly overhead at the Tropic of Cancer, it is the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere. Conversely, when the sun appears directly overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn, it is the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere.
Twice each year.
Tropic of Cancer
Because of the sun being directly overhead.
The Tropic of Cancer is an east-west line on the map representing the northernmost place where the sun is ever directly overhead. It is debatable whether there is any such thing as the "opposite" of a line. But you could say the counterpart of the Tropic of Cancer is the Tropic of Capricorn, which is the line that is the southernmost place where the sun is ever directly overhead.
The sun never has or never will pass directly overhead north of the Tropic of Cancer or south of the Tropic of Capricorn. In the temperate zone in both hemispheres - the sun will be high in the sky during the summer months - but not at the zenith.
The Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn are the most northern and southern latitudes on Earth where the sun can be seen directly overhead.
Places located north of the Tropic of Cancer never see the sun directly overhead twice a year because of the tilt of the Earth's axis, which is approximately 23.5 degrees. This axial tilt causes the sun to be positioned directly overhead at the Tropic of Cancer during the summer solstice and at the Tropic of Capricorn during the winter solstice. Areas north of the Tropic of Cancer remain outside this range and therefore experience the sun at an angle rather than directly overhead throughout the year.
The position of the overhead noon Sun is always found between the Tropic of Cancer at 23.5° North and the Tropic of Capricorn at 23.5° South. Within this band, known as the Tropics, the Sun can be directly overhead at noon at least once a year. This phenomenon occurs during the respective solstices for each Tropic, with the Sun directly overhead at the Tropic of Cancer during the June solstice and at the Tropic of Capricorn during the December solstice.
The sun is never directly overhead in Levittown, NY, as it lies above the Tropic of Cancer.
Furthest north (in the northern hemisphere).