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The ancient Greek phalanx battle formations have been the subject of debates both in ancient history and among today's historians. In fact, it is still not clear whether the so called deep phalanx formation was a better tactic then the so called "shallow" formation. In one instance a phalanx formation composed of veterans, may have only needed ranks four rows deep. In the case of new, untested soldiers, the depth of the phalanx formation was at times 12, 16, and 32 ranks deep. Some historians believe the deeper the group, the more power it had. It had extra soldiers in the rear ranks to step forward to replenish lost troops on the front rows. This is contrasted by others who claim that extra deep ranks were redundant inasmuch as the front ranks were responsible for either the victory or the defeat in a battle.

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