The sun
Right now, I would say Global Warming. The Greenhouse Effect is the main reason for increasing temperatures on the Earth presently.
The tides.
A lunar eclipse has no measurable effect on the temperature at any place on earth.
No Earth will not be different, Polaris has no effect on the Earth whatsoever.
Obviously, being closer to the Sun, Earth will get more radiation. But the effect is not very significant.
Yes.
Without the greenhouse effect, Earth would be much colder, with temperatures plummeting to levels too extreme to support life as we know it. The greenhouse effect is crucial for trapping heat in the atmosphere and maintaining Earth's surface temperatures within a range that is hospitable for living organisms.
The rotation of the Earth has some affect. The difference in temperature is the main cause, with cold and warm temperatures moving the air about.
Earth has a moderate greenhouse effect, while Venus has a severe case, with surface temperatures of 400-500 degrees C.
Venus and Earth are the two planets that experience the greenhouse effect. Both planets have atmospheres that trap heat from the sun, leading to high surface temperatures as a result of this warming effect.
The greenhouse effect makes Earth's surface temperature about 33°C (59.4°F) warmer than it would be without it. This effect is essential for maintaining temperatures on Earth that can support life.
Its the latitude that affects the temperatures on the earth