Charolais have the same immunity to diseases as many other beef cattle have. It all depends on what their immune systems are exposed to and what they are not.
Grass and grain, just like all other cows.
Yes, though a bit a more lighter and yellower than the actual colour Orange. These cows are primarily of the breed Charolais. Cows of this colour of this breed are typically called "red-factor Charolais."
A Charolais Breeder is a farmer that produces and breeds Charolais, these cows are normally registered purebred animals. The breeder is given a unique, one of a kind number for tattooing and registration purposes of the animal.
Those cows that are large and white include such breeds as Chianina, Marchigiana, and Charolais.
If you have Red Angus cows, put a Charolais bull in with them and you'll more than likely get some nice yellow calves. Beware though, you may experience calving issues in your herd if you aren't careful about selecting for calving ease and birth weight in the Charolais bull of choice!
Natural breeding is the most common, but artificial insemination is not uncommon either.
Charolais are pretty popular, though not as popular as Angus cattle are. Relatively speaking, if you see a farm with white and yellow or red-factor cows or cattle, chances are they are Charolais. You can find them all over North America (except the far north), Mexico, Great Britain, France, Australia, etc.
Over five to six feet tall and 1600 lbs for cows or at least 2300 lbs for bulls.
Charolais cows can get over 6 ft in height--some go to around 7 ft--and weigh around 1600 to 2300 lbs. Bulls are typically larger and heavier, topping at around 2600 to 2900 lbs.
Most white cattle you see are Charolais and Chianina cattle. Shorthorns also come in white, but are primarily red roan or red in colour. Other breeds that have white on them (or are almost all white) are British Whites and White Parks.
Definitely not. Ever heard of the Charolais breed? Chianina or Marchigiana, or heck even Brahman? Well, those breeds all come in white of some form of other, and aren't all that rare in the US, especially the Charolais breed.
Cows wear underwear because there were minority issues during the great depression.