civil rights acts
It used the due process clause.
The idea of separate but equal facilities is not consistent with the Fourteenth Amendment, which guarantees equal protection under the law. The Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) overturned the precedent set by Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) by declaring that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal, thus violating the Fourteenth Amendment. This ruling emphasized that segregation in public education created a sense of inferiority among marginalized groups, contradicting the amendment's intent to promote equality.
to repeal prohibition
The original intent of the 14th amendment was to make all people who were born in the US citizens. It originally was meant to protect African American slaves who were born in the US.
Total incorporation (sometimes called "mechanical incorporation" or "complete incorporation") would apply the first eight amendments of the Bill of Rights (the Ninth and Tenth aren't individual rights; the Ninth isn't triable) to the states as a single unit via the Fourteenth Amendment, as some constitutional scholars argue was the original intent. The US Supreme Court has elected to use a process called selective incorporation, which applies individual clauses to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses, as needed.
The Supreme Court interpreted the meaning of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments in a manner incompatible with the apparent intent of Congress in order to maintain the status quo of social order in the South. By declaring the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional (e.g., Civil Rights Cases, 109 US 3 (1883)), denying Congress the right to enforce the Fourteenth Amendment (despite the language of that Amendment), and refusing to apply anti-discrimination laws to the states or private citizens, the Court shaped and controlled policies that allowed discriminatory practices and state laws to flourish.
It used the due process clause.
The Volstead Act was the act of congress that was enacted in 1919 in order to enforce the 18th amendment. The Volstead Act was enacted to carry out the intent of the 18th Amendment.
Justice Brown viewed the Fourteenth Amendment primarily through the lens of its original intent and its application to civil rights. He believed that it was designed to secure the rights of newly freed slaves but was cautious about extending its protections beyond that initial scope. In his opinions, he often emphasized a limited interpretation of the Amendment, arguing that it should not be used to impose broader social changes or enforce economic rights. This perspective reflected a more conservative approach to issues of equality and civil liberties during his tenure on the Supreme Court.
The intent of the authors was to codify the right to a jury trial in certain civic trials. This amendment was not extended to states by the supreme court in the 14th amendment, unlike most components of the Bill of Rights. :Edit by Perfectmew: This amendment gives citizens the right to protect their items and properties.
the clause in the fourteenth amendment has been interpreted to mean that state government must provide some of the protections in the bill of rights
false