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It depends what type of bridge you are talking about. Beam bridges are horizontal bridges with vertical supports. The forces here are greatest in the middle, where the largest bending moment is.

Arch bridges are strong in that the forces are transferred horizontally, so as long as the ends are fixed and the material is strong this can lead to a very strong structure.

Triangular structures are often used in cable-tied bridges, where the cables carry the force. The cables are made from high-grade steel and are very strong but can be expensive. Often the reason for building such a bridge is either for aesthetic purposes or when a bridge is very long.

Triangles are also used in creating the beam structure of a bridge, as it allows you to dramatically cut down on the weight of a bridge.

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Q: What holds better in a bridge a triangle or an arch?
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