New immigrants were from Eastern and Southern Europe who spoke little English. The Old immigrants were from Western and Northern Europe who spoke mostly English.
The Russian immigrants spoke Russian.
Jobs, more money. mostly because they spoke a 2nd language.
Besides German, there were a Danish, a French and a large Polish speaking minority. People spoke Jiddish as well and there were a number of small Slavic language groups like the Masurians in East Prussia. In the very north-east of East Prussia people also spoke Lithuanian.
they already spoke English
The Boers were white farmers in South Africa who were descendants of Dutch and French immigrants in the early 17th century and spoke a version of Dutch called Afrikaans.
Prussia was the name of the kingdom established in 1701 by the Hohenzollern dynasty, the Electors of Brandenburg. As they weren't allowed to establish new kingdom within the Holy Roman Empire they named the new kingdom after a territory outside the Empire, Prussia, and were crowned in its capital, Koenigsberg (now called Kaliningrad). 'Old Prussia' corresponded roughly to what was East Prussia from 1815-1945. Before the area was colonized by Germans, the population spoke a Baltic language - Prussian. The Kingdom of Prussia established in 1701 covered a large area and only a minority of its inhabitants were descended from former speakers of Prussian. In 1945 East Prussia was divided between the Soviet Union and Poland and German population was expelled. Because of the long-standing assocoation of the Kingdom of Prussia with military aggression, in 1947 the Allies declared Prussia dissolved. Since then Prussia had ceased to exist, though some people are still sentimentally attached to it. Joncey
Prussia was officially dissolved in 1947.
Many immigrants arriving in America after 1880 spoke languages such as Italian, Polish, Yiddish, and Russian. These languages represented the diverse backgrounds of immigrants, with many settling in urban areas where they could find communities that shared their language and cultural heritage.
Immigrants spoke whatever language(s) they spoke in their place of origin unless and until they learned the primary languages of the place to which they had immigrated. Immigrants to the United States could learn English but arrived speaking English, Russian, Yiddish, Japanese, German, Italian, Romanian, Arabic, or any number of other languages. Immigrants to Brazil could learn Brazilian Portuguese but arrived speaking English Portuguese, Russian, Yiddish, Japanese, German, Italian, Romanian, Arabic, or any number of other languages.
Immigrants from Italy spoke Italian. Their children grew up speaking both Italian and English.
Usually not. However, during the Seven Years' War a part of Prussia briefly became Russian from 1758 until 1763. After World War 2 a part of Prussia became Russian again. This "Russian Prussia" is called Kaliningrad Oblast. The other parts of (Old Baltic) Prussia are now part of Poland and Lithuania. Prussia has two meanings: The (German) Kingdom of Prussia on one hand and Old/Baltic Prussia on the other hand. The Kingdom of Prussia got its name from the original Baltic Prussia (in Old Prussian language it is called "Prūsa"). The original Baltic Prussia was the easternmost province of the Kingdom of Prussia. That Province of Prussia inside the Kingdom of Prussia was most of the time parted into East Prussia and West Prussia.