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The need for more and more power. In a fixed voltage system like DC, power is proportional to current, and current is related to conductor size. In order to have more power, you had to have larger conductors, and it was becoming unwieldy.

With AC, we could use Transformers to step up the voltage. Power is now proportional to both current and voltage, but current is still only related to conductor size, which means that with higher voltage, you could transfer more power with smaller conductors. Transformers would step up the voltage at the substation for transmission and distribution, while transformers on the poles would step it back down for small groups of services.

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