Humans are one (ex. Typhoid Mary)
Mosquitos
A vector in biology may be an organism that transports the pathogen. Malaria is caused by a parasite which is spread through mosquito saliva. A vector for gastroenteritis is normally contaminated food or water.
Typhoid fever is mostly transmitted by the asymptomatic carriers. Some times the patient may hide the bacteria in his gall bladder and spreads the bacteria via stool intermittently for life time. Typhoid mostly spread via contaminated food, some times via contaminated water.
There are more diseases spread by insects than can fit in this answer, but two are notable for their kill rate. Firstly the 'Black Death', the plague which killed a third of the population of Europe in the 17th century was spread by fleas which lived on rats and secondly malaria, spread by mosquitoes, kills millions of people every year in tropical areas.
Sanitation and hygiene are the critical measures that can be taken to prevent typhoid. Typhoid does not affect animals and therefore transmission is only from human to human. Typhoid can only spread in environments where human feces or urine are able to come into contact with food or drinking water. Careful food preparation and washing of hands are crucial to preventing typhoid. There are also two vaccines available to prevent typhoid.
Viruses are responsible for causing influenza. A medium (vector) is required to transmit the viruses from a sick person to a healthy person. this may be an insect, animal or human depending on the situation.
an insect
The term vector can be used in a variety of ways in science. In epidemiology, the study of disease spread, a vector is an organism that carries the disease from one host to another. So, for example, a mosquito is the vector of the organism that causes malaria. The vector may or may not be affected by the disease causing organism, but the point is that it is a third player in the interaction that includes host, parasite, and vector. Another definition of vector is the representation of a quantity that has magnitude and direction, and can be depicted by an arrow with a certain length (magnitude) and angle (direction). This can be helpful in science when one wants to sum or multiply quantities that have magnitude and direction, and there are rules for doing this that can be found in the field of "vector calculus" or "vector algebra". For example, in the Lotka-Volterra model of predator-prey dynamics, one can deduce outcomes of interactions by using vector algebra, and can determine if the predator and prey can coexist stably or not.
A vector that is not a positional vector (or directly related) is equivalent to another vector of the same magnitude and direction wherever else in space it may be located. Since it is "free" to be located anywhere, it is called a free vector.
A vector can have as many components as you like, depending on how may dimensions it operates in.
A vector may be thought of as a magnitude or size (such as speed) and a direction. So a moving car may be represented by a vector that gives the car's speed and direction. If the magnitude and direction of a vector are chosen from populations of values in some way that makes them unpredictable-or random in other words-then that vector can be said to be random.
It is the rate of change in the vector for a unit change in the direction under consideration. It may be calculated as the derivative of the vector in the relevant direction.
Side effects are much reasonable as compared to typhoid disease. You may get mild fever and weakness for a day or two.