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What is SIM and RIM instruction in microprocessor?
RIM stands for read interrupt mask and SIM stands for set interrupt mask.The SIM instruction is used to copy the contents of the accumulator into the interrupt mask.The RIM instruction is used to interpret the RST interrupt positions.
What is the purpose of interrupts in Operating System?
Answer: An interrupt is a hardware-generated change-of-flow within the system. An interrupt handler is summoned to deal with the cause of the interrupt; control is then returned to the interrupted context and instruction. A trap is a software-generated interrupt. An interrupt can be used to signal the completion of an I/O to obviate the need for device polling. A trap can be used to call operating system routines or to catch arithmetic errors.Type your answer here...
Difference between software interrupt and hardware inerrupt?
Hardware Interrupt: Each CPU has External Interrupt lines(about 7). Other external devices line keyboard, Mouse, Other controllers can send signals to CPU asynchronously. Software Interrupt:is an interrupt generated with in a processor by executing an instruction . Software interrupt are often used to implemented system calls because they implemented a subroutine call with a CPU ring level change.
What is the difference between branch instruction call sub routine program and interrupt?
Branch Instruction A branch (or jump on some computer architectures, such as the PDP-8 and Intel x86) is a point in a computer program where the flow of control is altered. The term branch is usually used when referring to a program written in machine code or assembly language; in a high-level programming language, branches usually take the form of conditional statements, subroutine calls or GOTO statements. An instruction that causes a branch, a branch instruction, can be taken or not taken: if a branch is not taken, the flow of control is unchanged and the next instruction to be executed is the instruction immediately following the current instruction in memory; if taken, the next instruction to be executed is an instruction at some other place in memory. There are two usual forms of branch instruction: a conditional branch that can be either taken or not taken, depending on a condition such as a CPU flag, and an unconditional branch which is always taken. Call Subroutine instructions Call Subroutine instructions and Return From Subroutine instructions within the instruction stream. The first stage stores a return address in a return register when a Call Subroutine instruction is predicted. The first stage predicts a return to the return address in the return register when a Return From Subroutine instruction is predicted. A second stage decodes each Call Subroutine and Return From Subroutine instruction in order to maintain a Return Stack Buffer that stores a stack of return addresses. Each time the second stage decodes a Call Subroutine instruction, a return address is pushed onto the Return Stack Buffer. Correspondingly, each time the second stage decodes a Return From Subroutine instruction, a return address is popped off of the Return Stack Buffer. The second stage verifies predictions made by the first stage and predicts return addresses for Return From Subroutine instructions that were not predicted by the first stage. A third stage executes Return From Subroutine instructions such that the predictions are verified. Finally, a fourth stage retires Return From Subroutine instructions and ensures that no instructions fetch after a mispredicted return address are committed into permanent state. Program interrupt an interrupt is an asynchronous signal from hardware indicating the need for attention or a synchronous event in software indicating the need for a change in execution. A hardware interrupt causes the processor to save its state of execution via a context switch, and begin execution of an interrupt handler. Software interrupts are usually implemented as instructions in the instruction set, which cause a context switch to an interrupt handler similar to a hardware interrupt. Interrupts are a commonly used technique for computer multitasking, especially in real-time computing. Such a system is said to be interrupt-driven. An act of interrupting is referred to as an interrupt request ("IRQ").
What is software interrupt with examples?
Interrupt generated by executing an instruction is called software interrupt. It's also called 'trap'. Software interrupts are generally used to make system calls i.e. to request operating system to perform an I/O operation or to run a new program.Examples:C++:A cout or cin statement would generate a software interrupt because it would make a system call to print something.A fork() statement in Linux would generate a software interrupt because it would make a system call to create a new process.Assembly IA32:The instruction int 21h would generate a software interrupt which would request something from operating system (depending on the register values).
Why iret directive is used to return from an interrupt rather than ret?
IRET stands for RETurn from Interrupt.
Explain how int 21h can be used for input output in 8086 microprocessor?
The INT 21H instruction in the 8086 is a software interrupt to vector 21H. In order for it to be used for input/output, the programming that responds to INT 21H must be present. This is part of the Operating System.
What is the use of int 03?
The INT 03 instruction on the 8086/8088 and higher class processors is a program generated interrupt that only requires one byte in the opcode. Often, this is used by a debugger, to plant breakpoints at certain points in the code. During the interrupt servicing routine, the original opcode would be restored so that it could be executed if desired. Contrast this with the INT 01 instruction, which is actually a single step type of interrupt. In this case, the debugger sets the single step flag in the return PSW, and then simply returns to the program. No opcode needed to be planted, as there will be an automatic execution of just one instruction, and then the interrupt will occur. The difference is in performance. INT 03 can allow the program to run at full speed until it hits the breakpoint. The downside is that, if the program does not make it to the breakpoint, the debugger will not be able to regain control without forcing an interrupt. INT 01 allows the debugger to examine the state of the program at every single instruction, allowing the implementation of complex rule based breakpoints. The downside is that program execution will be very slow.
What is the difference between instruction registers and instruction pointer?
instruction register is used to store the next instruction to be executed. instruction pointer is used to store the address of the next instruction to be executed.
What is interrupt and why used interrupt?
interrupt means to stop the execution of some task and save it, start the new task which is caused by it. interrupt increases the efficiency of a computer and caused by multi-tasking. mehmood Ahmed (Superior university)
What is a private check in?
Private check-ins are typically seen at hotels, and used by celebrities. This means that the outside public does not know when a person is checking in to a place, and can also be used as a form of protection, so paparazzi or fans cannot interrupt hotel operations.
What is rim in microprocessor 8085?
RIM is Read Interrupt Mask. It is used to access the interrupt mask register, which contains the status of the three interrupt masks and the serial input data pin.
