A spirit level.
A bubble on the surface of a liquid is formed when air or another gas is trapped within the liquid, typically due to agitation. The surface tension of the liquid creates a thin film around the gas, producing the bubble shape. As the gas inside the bubble expands or contracts, the size of the bubble may change.
Beaker
An atmometer is an instrument which measures the rate of evaporation of a liquid.
Bubbles are formed due to a combination of surface tension and gas trapped in a liquid. The surface tension of the liquid causes the bubble to retain its spherical shape. When a gas is introduced into the liquid, the surface tension pulls the liquid molecules together around the gas to form the bubble.
A hydrometer is commonly used to measure the specific gravity of a liquid. It is a glass or plastic tube with a weighted bottom that floats in the liquid, and the specific gravity is read at the level of the liquid where the hydrometer surface intersects.
aneroid barometer
A thermometer is an instrument that measures hot and cold temperatures. It typically uses a liquid, such as mercury or alcohol, to gauge the level of heat or coldness in its surroundings.
The bubble is called a meniscus. It is caused by surface tension, and usually appears as a curved surface at the top of the liquid in the test tube. To accurately measure the volume of liquid, the measurement should be taken at the bottom of the meniscus.
An independent variable for a bubble could be the temperature of the liquid in which the bubble is formed. By varying the temperature, researchers can observe how it affects bubble size, stability, or lifespan. Other independent variables might include the type of liquid, the surface tension, or the amount of gas used to create the bubble.
Lactometerlactometer
When an air bubble is released underwater, it will rise to the surface due to buoyancy. Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a liquid on an object immersed in it. As the air bubble rises, the water pressure decreases and the bubble expands in size until it reaches the surface.
It's a gas that is inside a liquid (the bubble is the liquid).