During what caliphate and time period? Are you even talking about intellectual movements in Islamic regions?
There are many
i believe there will be 73 different divisions within Islam till the day of ressurection, however these sects will all establish the same beliefs.
the spread of Islam.
Salat is the prayer in Islam. It is done by a certain amount of movements. alislam.org
They are not real Islam divisions. They are just different schools. Mainly they are Sunnis and Shiites. Refer to question below.
Within the Abrahamic faiths—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—there are significant internal differences and divisions. In Judaism, distinctions exist between Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform movements, each with varying interpretations of Jewish law and tradition. Christianity is divided into numerous denominations, such as Catholicism, Protestantism, and Orthodoxy, differing in beliefs, practices, and governance. Islam has major sects, primarily Sunni and Shia, which have different theological perspectives and historical contexts. These internal divisions reflect diverse interpretations of scripture, tradition, and religious practice.
Sunni and Shi'a are the two major Islamic groups. I think that is what you are asking for
Upper classes converted to Islam!
wahhabi
Islam Proves that the Chritainity of these days are not the one of Jesus
The spread of Islam (study island awnser!!)
through trading on caravan and through war