The rules now governing the Roman numeral system as we know them today had nothing to do with the Romans because they were introduced during the Middle ages but there exist credible evidence to show that the ancient Romans would have worked out all four calculations in the following formats:-
MDCCLXXVI+SXC = MDCCCLXVS => 1776+(100-10.5) = 1865.5
MDCCLXXVI+LXXXVIIIIS = MDCCCLXVS => 1776+89.5 = 1865.5
MDCCLXXVI-SXC = MDCLXXXVIS => 1776-(100-10.5) = 1686.5
MDCCLXXVI-LXXXVIIIIS = MDCLXXXVIS => 1776-89.5 = 1686.5
Note that in mathematics -(100-10.5) becomes 10.5-100 and that the above calculations were fairly simple and straightforward to work out but for more complicated calculations the Romans would have used an abacus calculating device.
QED
See answer to question: ' How do you add together 1666 and 1999 in two different ways using Roman numerals'
MIM + MMXIV = MMMXIII or MMCXCIX + MMXIII = MMMXIII There is only one way to write the solution (3013)
Roman numerals are entirely inappropriate for doing such calculations. I believe the people in Roman times did such calculations on an abacus or something similar - which is basically similar to converting them to the Arabic numbers we use. If you really want to do it in Roman numerals - which is basically NOT a good idea - you would have to keep the thousands, hundreds, etc. separate, and handle carry (for addition) and borrowing (for subtraction).
c - cc = -c
The fives (V=5, L=50, D=500) are never subtracted in Roman numerals, because, for example, VX for 5 (10-5=5) is the same value as just plain V.
It looks like the letter N which is the symbol for nought and nothing can't be subtracted from anything because it remains the same.
Both 1776 plus 444 added in two different ways will have sum of MMCCXX = 2220 and both 17,776 minus 444 subtracted in two different ways will have a difference of (XVII)CCCXXXII = 17,332
94. XC is 10 subtracted from 100, aka 90. and IV is one subtracted from 5 aka 4. 90+4=94
Notwithstanding todays modern conversion of 999 into Roman numerals which are now considered to be CMXCIX inasmuch that the ancient Romans probably would have subtracted the equivalent of 999 from 1776 in either of the following formats:- A: MDCCLXXVI-IM = DCCLXXVII => 1776-(1000-1) = 777 B: MDCCLXXVI-DCCCCLXXXXVIIII = DCCLXXVII => 1776-999 = 777 QED
When 9 is converted into Roman numerals it is IX which is an abridged version of VIIII and so the required calculations are as follows:-MDCCLXXVI+IX = MDCCLXXXV => 1776+(10-1) = 1785MDCCLXXVI+VIIII = MDCCLXXXV => 1776+9 = 1785MDCCLXXVI-IX = MDCCLXVII => 1776-(10-1) = 1767MDCCLXXVI-VIIII = MDCCLXVII => 1776-9 = 1767Note that in mathematics -(10-1) changes to 1-10QED
M=1000CM=900D=500C=100X=10I=1When the I is placed before a X then 1 is subtracted from 10 = 9When the I is placed before a V then 1 is subtracted from 5 = 4So 1000 + 900 + 10 + 10 +9 = 1929The original answer was entirely deleted by WikiAnswers contributor Viki101 in whose view the answer should have been as the above. The original answer was as follows:In today's terms the Roman numerals MCMXXIX represent the number 1929.But in the times of the Romans themselves they would almost probably have written out 1929 as MDCCCCXXVIIII.
The Roman numeral XXXIX represents the number 39. X (10) is subtracted from L (50) in order to express the number 40, and then I (1) is subtracted from 40 to represent 39.