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The zenith.
The sun is at its highest point in the sky at noon.
The highest point reached by any body in the sky, including the Sun, is called the zenith.
The sun is at its highest point in the sky at solar noon, which typically occurs around 12:00 p.m. local time.
At its highest point in the sky, and due South in the Northern Hemisphere.
As viewed from the continental US local noon is defined as the moment when the Sun is positioned directly on the meridian, an imaginary line that crosses the sky from directly north to directly south.
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The high point in the sky is likely the zenith, which is the point directly above an observer. It is the highest point in the sky that can be seen from a specific location. The zenith changes as you change your position on Earth.
The meridian is an imaginary line that runs from north to south directly above your head. It divides the sky into eastern and western halves, with celestial objects crossing it when they are at their highest point in the sky.
That's the observer's 'zenith'. Since it's referenced to the "observer's head", each observer has a different zenith.
The sun is at its highest point in the sky at the meridian, which occurs at solar noon. You can determine this by observing when the sun crosses an imaginary line running from north to south in the sky. At this time, shadows will be shortest, and the sun will be directly south (or north in the Southern Hemisphere) at its maximum altitude.
A full moon is highest at midnight, so a new moon is highest at noon.