what is characteristic yield strength
It is its yield stress which is equal to 235 N/mm2
low relaxation strand differs from stress-relieved strand in 2 aspects: 1 - it meets more restrictive relaxation loss requirements 2 - the minimum yield strength at an extension of 1% is 90% of the specified minimum tensile strength, compared to 85% for stress-relieved strand.
Difference in strength, 275 and 355 refer to minimum yield stress of the material (275 MPa and 355 MPa).
Yes it is the same. Offset Yield strength = 0.2% Proof Stress
Theoretically, the yield strength of the material is the stress at which the stress-strain curve stops being linear. In actual testing of most materials, the transition to non-linear is not very clear in that area. The .2% offset line is used to intercept a yield stress for reporting a yield strength. Though arbitrary to a certain extent, it has become the traditional method.
We almost always use engineering stress as that is the number reported in strength tests.
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to find the shear strength of five different papers you use the formula shear stress equals major principal stress minus minor principal stress divided by two. Shear strength of paper depends on what they paper is made from.
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When the stress-strain curve of a material fails to produce a clear yield strength.
Stress is a measure of the load applied to a sample relative to a cross sectional area of the sample. Strength is a quantification of the samples ability to carry a load. The terms "yield strength" and "yield stress" of a material are usually used interchangeably (correct or not). It is the stress which will just cause the material to plastically deform. If a material yields at 30,000 psi, the yield stress is 30,000 psi. If the part in question has a cross sectional area of 2 square inches, the strength at yield would be 60,000 pounds, but usually we just say the yield strength is 30,000 psi.
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