Civil service is the labor part of government employment
technological unemployment
They can be, but they are not required unless some type of contractual or labor agreement is in effect that requires it.
technological unemployment
You will have to be more specific. I live in an area where government is the main employer and there are thousands of civil service employees in our area. Half of the people that I know personally are civil servants. Out of the thousands of civil servants, you can count on your fingers the number that have any great power. The governor, the legislature, the mayors and city councils are not civil service. They are the political end of public service and subject to election to office (or the patronage of an elected official). Civil service is the labor part of government employment.
Direct labor is labor that directly interacts with customers in the service industry. For instance, waitresses are considered direct labor.
Yes. A Class B license must be obtained to drive a service truck if that truck is over 26,000 pounds. A Class B license is also for driving buses, farm labor vehicles, and any housecar or trailer that is longer than forty five feet.
the civil war improved industries and almost stopped labor force
Yes, both in service/labor and parts. When they were durable it was sensible to spend more on first class engineering and construction. Things change.
John R. Hand has written: 'A song of service' -- subject(s): Working class, Poetry, Labor movement
Unless it is set forth in your state's labor laws, or in your employment contract, or a labor union agreement, no, it is not generally required. Some employers will deliver the notice and then actually escort you off their property (regardless of a temporary or permanent layoff). However, even if they don't give you advance notice, MANY (but by no means all) may give you a weeks severance pay if the layoff is effective immediately.
National labor union
The term commonly used by employers in this situation is "layoff" or "temporary layoff". It refers to a temporary suspension of employment due to a lack of business or economic downturn, with the expectation that workers will be recalled once business conditions improve. During a layoff, employees may be eligible for certain benefits or assistance, depending on local labor laws and company policies.