Catalyst reformers come in three flavours: non-regenerative, semi-regenerative (SRR) and continuous catalyst regeneration (CCR). The earliest were non-regenerative, most of these are no longer in service. Today most catalytic reformers are SSR and the latset technology (around since 1971 UOP) are CRR.
Catalytic reformers use a solid catalyst (usually chlorinated Pt/alumina or Pt-Re/alumina) under high partial pressures of hydrogen at around 500degC to convert low octane straight run naphtha (usually heavy naphtha: C6-C11, b.p. 140-200degC) into high octane "reformate".
However, the catalyst deactivates over time due to coke build-up and loss of chlorine. A regeneration is required to restore catalyst activity and metals dispersion.
In the semi-regenerative (SRR) version, the reactors have to be taken off-line for regeneration every 6-24 months depending on rate of loss of activity.
In continuous catalyst regeneration (CRR) version a portion of the catalyst is contiuously transferred from the reactor system to a regenerator where it undergoes controlled coke combustion and oxychlorination to restore activity and metals dispersion - without the need to take the unit off-line.
CRR process units can be licenced from UOP or Axens.
Paul Diddams, Intercat
continuous variation.
Catalytic converters are made of platinum-iridium catalyst, ceramic monolith or rhodium.
Fuel Processor(reformer)
sponge iron production is continuous process sponge iron production is continuous process
The catalytic region of an enzyme is the place where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
reformer
Feed to reformer is first desulphurised in Naphtha Hydrotreater so that CCR catalyst(Platinum) does not get deactivated during operation on high sulfur CCR feed. CCR
The Simcoe Reformer was created in 1858.
yes! she is a social reformer
John Collier - reformer - was born in 1884.
John Collier - reformer - died in 1968.
True Reformer Building was created in 1903.
Brattleboro Reformer was created on 1876-08-19.
She was a philanthropist
Thomas Hardy - political reformer - died in 1832.
Thomas Hardy - political reformer - was born in 1752.
William Frend - social reformer - died in 1841.