Pixel
It is both. An 'application' is a type of software.
A Camera Raw file is the unprocessed image data from a digital camera's image sensor, along with information capture information (time, f/stop/ shutter speed, white balance, etc.). Photoshop Camera Raw is Adobe's software that is used to look at the camera raw file and to use the image's metadata to process the image. The camera raw file is like a photo negative. You can reprocess it at any time, getting different results by making adjustments for white balance, color saturation, tonal range, sharpening, contrast, etc.. When you adjust a camera raw image, the original camera raw data is preserved. Adjustments are stored as metadata in an accompanying file (called a side-car), usually in in a database folder in Photoshop.
Thats format in which image data will be stored. Difference is because some image formats allows you to save editeble layers along with file (PSD) and some don't (JPEG, GIF, PNG).
Information sent from the computer is called data.
Organized meaningful data is called information. Information that is useful to one person is not necessarily useful to another person.
When a person refers to image data, they are most likely referring to the internal code of a picture file that tells the computer information it needs to display the image, such as (but not limited to) what color the pixels in an image are, how many pixels an image has, and what image type it is.
Data is called raw data or facts. But data with some context is called information, and information becomes knowledge which can be shared.
when it had been processed.A processed data is what is called information.
The information you are thinking about is called data.
The information collected from an observation is called data.
Data
an image file