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The Lorentz-Fitzgerald transformations are

  • that measured distance contracts in the direction of motion
  • that the relative time of interactions slows in a moving reference frame
  • that mass increases with velocity

Specifically, that these all change such that measures of the speed of light will be constant in any reference frame.

George Francis FitzGerald proposed the general idea of these transformations to explain some odd experimental results. They were given formal expression by W. Voigt, but such expressions were independently generated by Hendrik Antoon Lorentz. Henri Poincare, proceeding from Lorentz's effort, named them for Lorentz.

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