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Because the Newtonian mechanics and Einsteinian mechanics have failed in explaining what happens in atomic levels.
The main limitation on Newtonian Mechanics is the size of the objects. As the object gets smaller, it becomes harder for Newtonian Mechanics to apply its laws.
If by "the laws of physics" you mean to include quantum mechanics, then yes. If you mean purely Newtonian physics, then they imply the exact opposite.
Newtonian Mechanics
Newtonian and Quantum
The modern atomic model is based on quantum mechanics.
This is the question that physicists all around the world are trying to answer. When they come up with one I'll be sure to get back to you. This area is primarily the work of string theorists.AnswerI think the previous answerer misread the question. If the question had been "When and where do general relativity and quantum mechanics overlap?" then this answer would have been fine. But there is no conflict between Newton's Laws and quantum mechanics. More precisely: If you take quantum mechanics and let Planck's constant tend to 0, you get Newtonian physics. (Or special relativity - but if you then let the speed of light tend to infinity you get Newtonian physics.) In other words, classical physics is a special case of quantum physics. If you avoid doing experiments with very small or very fast things, Newton's laws will hold.
Principles of Quantum Mechanics was created in 1930.
Classical (or Newtonian) and Quantum.
Those were the objects the mechanics were developed for.
The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle as well as wave-particle duality prevent any form of determinism at the quantum level. This is because Newtonian determinism requires the position of matter to be certain and HUP makes the position of matter uncertain and Wave-Particle Duality questions whether something has mass at all in a given location.
The distinction is sometimes made to distinguish normal quantum mechanics (which does not incorporate special relativity) and quantum field theory (relativistic quantum mechanics). Since we know special relativity is correct it is the relativistic form of quantum mechanics which is true, but non-relativistic quantum mechanics is still used, because it is a good approximation at low energies and it is much simpler. Physics students typically study regular quantum mechanics before moving on to quantum field theory.