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When was Edward Jenner's vaccination first used?
It was called an inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae vaccinae and published in 1798
What does the smallpox vaccine have to do with cows?
The smallpox vaccine was developed by Edward Jenner, an English physician. He noticed that dairywomen who had caught cowpox - a related disease - did not catch smallpox. So he inoculated people with weakened cowpox, their bodies built up the antibodies to cowpox which then also protected them against smallpox.Cowpox is known as Variolae Vaccinae (vacca = cow in Latin) and hence the name.
What pathogen did edward Jenner use to make the smallpox vaccine?
He originally used the cowpox virus (Variolae vacciniae, "smallpox of the cow" in Latin). At some point the virus used mutated to a slightly different form now known as Vacciniavirus.It's not a coincidence that the word "vaccine" looks a lot like Vaccinia.
Why is Edward Jenner important in history?
Edward Jenner was an English physician who is credited with successfully introducing the practice of vaccinating against smallpox. Jenner, apprenticed to a surgeon as a boy, studied medicine briefly in London before returning to his rural hometown to open his own medical practice (1792). Following up on local lore that said dairymaids who had contracted cowpox were immune to smallpox, Jenner decided to see if he could adapt the Turkish practice of inoculation to prevent the spread and devastation of smallpox. In May of 1796 he took a gamble and inoculated James Phipps, the 8 year-old son of a local farmer. Phipps was exposed to fluid from the pustules of a woman with cowpox. The boy contracted cowpox, and several weeks later Jenner exposed him to smallpox. Fortunately, the boy didn't contract smallpox and Jenner's theory was proved correct. After other successful trials, Jenner published his findings in Inquiry into the Cause and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae in 1798. Jenner went on to become famous as the world embraced "vaccination," a term he coined (because vacca is Latin for cow, and vaccinia was the term for cowpox). Jenner was also an educated naturalist and horticulturist, an amateur geologist and zoologist (he was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society for a paper on the nesting habits of the cuckoo) and a fossil hunter who discovered the bones of a plesiosaur in 1819.
Who discovered vaccines and how?
There is a history of smallpox inoculation that goes back as far as 1000 AD in China, Africa, and Turkey. However, the person credited with creating the first vaccine is Edward Jenner, an English scientist who pioneered one for smallpox in 1796. His breakthrough came from taking pus from a blister of someone infected with cowpox and using it to inoculate another person, thus preventing smallpox in that person. He developed this treatment after hypothesizing that dairy workers were rarely, if ever, infected with the deadly smallpox virus because most of them were already infected with cowpox, which has a very mild effect on humans.
