a distro is a distrobution. a modified version of a Linux kernal (of which there are many!) check http://distrowatch.com/ to see which one suits you and also find out more information on Linux distros.
think of it as like distros are just different versions, like win xp, vista, 95, 98, me, win2000 etc. all are built around the same structure, some are just built and modified and updated in different ways and work differently on different computers due to hardware and available Linux drivers for your hardware.
I don't think so.
Whichever distro you're most comfortable with.
Linux Mint to learn. Ubuntu for gamers/programmers & Kali Linux for penetration testers and hackers.
quicker answer is which linux distro does not work? Pretty much all will work
That depends on what steps you used in the installation program.
"Types" of Linux are Called Linux Distributions. Linux by itself is only a kernel, you need more than that for a full system, to get this, distro's were develpoed to include all of this to make a Linux system easier to install. Popular Distro's Are Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, RHEL, Linux Mint, Arch Linux, OpenSUSE, etc, you can find more at distrowatch
Debian, Ubuntu, RedHat, Suse, ...
Linux can run with virtually any hardware configuration, but it is best to check the system requirements for your Linux distro.
As 'Linux' is actually the Linux Kernel and a bunch of other tools packaged together as a distro, this will depend on the distro you use. For example, Red Hat Linux uses a file called ks.cfg (known as kickstart) which contains information for it's installer system called Anaconda.
A Linux distribution, known as distro or flavor, is an operating system that uses the Linux Kernel. I think the most common one is Ubuntu.
Ubuntu is a "distro" of the Linux operating system.
Kernel, but I guess when you will learn, you will have to switch (Ubuntu for programmers and gamers and Kali Linux for penetration testers and hackers)