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There are several ways of identifying the age of fossils.

Stratigraphic Method

Literally counting the layers or strata of the rock. If you can determine the age of one layer then on most occasions you can count the number of layers down.

Also connected with stratification is Magnetic Stratigraphy. It is thought that Earths magnetic field reverses every 300,000 years (although it is estimated this last happened 780,000 years ago). When certain sedimentary and volcanic layers are laid down elements in the rock align with Earths magnetic field. As you go down the layers of rock you can measure which way the elements are aligned and thus determine the age.

Radiometric Method

Certain radioactive elements can be used to date fossils. Volcanic rock has no lead when it is laid down. However it does contain Uranium. If you compare the ration between U-235 and Pb-207 accurate dates can be determined. Also important is potassium and argon. Ratio's between K-40 and Ar-40 can determine the age of the fossil.

If the fossil is very young (less than 60,000 years) Carbon 14 can also be used. So called carbon dating.

Index Method

Certain animals and plants were wide spread on earth. We also through other methods have determined accurate dates for these index fossils. If you find an index fossil in the same layer as a fossil you can tell the age.

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Q: What is a Method in which a scientist could use fossils to determine the age of the soil in which the fossils were found?
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