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What Bioconjugation Strategies are usually applied in life science?
Bioconjugation is a chemical technique that is used to couple two molecules together, at least one of which is a biomolecule, such as carbohydrate, nucleic acid, or protein. Functionalization of polymers can provide improved stability, solubility, trafficking pathways, and therapeutic potential for already useful biomolecules in a variety of applications. For instance, synthetically modified polymers can act as a tracker to record changes in cell behavior, as a marker for bio-imaging, or as a carrier to deliver drugs to targeted cells. Apart from that, polymers can also reveal enzyme function and determine protein biodistribution in the biomedical field after linking specific biomolecules.
What are the applications of Polymerase Chain Reaction or PCR?
Clinical microbiology: Viral load (HIV,HCV,HBV,...); Bacterial load (Salmonella, Mycobacterium,..); Fungal load( Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus,....); Food microbiology; and Bacterial load (Listeria, Salmonella, Campylobacter,...). Clinical oncology: Minimal residual disease; Chromosomal translocations; and Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). Gene therapy: Gene transfer estimation;and Biodistribution of vector. Gene expression: Cytokines; receptors,....... ANSWER A very important application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is in the field of forensic science. Sometime a sample of DNA may be too small to be of any use as it is. Thankfully, PCR allows a small sample of DNA to be amplified thus making many more copies of the DNA. Now instead of a small sample you have a large sample. Sample size is very important when involving other forensic techniques such as electrophoresis. (To give an analogy there is not much difference between 4 lbs and 6 pounds. However, if yo amplified both by 10,000, you will see that there is a noticeable difference of 20,000 lbs. PCR makes the difference in weight noticeable so that results of electrophoresis can be analyzed.
