A bitterwort is another term for the great yellow gentian, Latin name Gentiana lute, which has a very bitter taste.
Ruta is today primarily a homeopathic remedy made from the plant Ruta graveolens. This plant is also called rue, herb of grace, herb of repentance, bitter herb, or rue bitterwort.
Bitter root, bitterwort, gall weed; G. macrophylla is known in China as qin jiao and G. scabra is known in Chinese as long dan cao.
I have seen at least two kinds of dandelions in my yard. One of them has lighter green smooth leaves. This type has larger budded flowers with a thicker more rounded stem. These are the kind that some people eat if they like bitter vegetables. The other kind I saw has a darker green leaf that is kind of fuzzy. The stems are skinnier and the flowers ball up much tighter at night. The flowers are also not usually as big. I have not seen any videos where people have eaten this kind yet so I am unsure if this particular species is also edible or not.
The prefix 'bi' generally means two or twice. Words that have the prefix 'bi' are:bicoastalbiannualbiannuallybiasbiasedbiasesbiasingbiathlonbiathlonsbicameralbicameralismbicarbbicarbonatebicarbonatesbicarbsbicentenariesbicentenarybicentennialbicentennialsbicepbicepsbicolorbiconcavebiconvexbicuspidbicuspidsbicyclebicycledbicyclerbicyclersbicyclesbicyclingbicyclistbicyclistsbidirectionalbidirectionallybiennialbienniallybiennialsbienniumbienniumsbifocalbifocalsbifunctionalbifurcatebifurcatedbifurcatesbifurcatingbifurcationbifurcationsbilabialbilabialsbilateralbilaterallybilinearbilingualbilingualismbilinguallybilingualsbimetallicbimetallicsbimetallismbimodalbimonthliesbimonthlybinariesbinarybinocularbinocularsbinodalbinomialbionicbionicallybionicsbiopicbiopicsbiopsiedbiopsiesbiopsybipartisanbipartisanshipbipartitebipedbipedalbipedalismbipedsbiplanebiplanesbipodbipolarbipolaritybiracialbisectbisectedbisectingbisectionbisectionsbisectorbisectorsbisectsbisexualbisexualitybisexuallybisexualsbitonalbivalentbivalvebivalvesbiweeklybiyearlybipartisan, bilateral, biracial, bisexual, biped, bicycle, binoculars