Odd question: it if didn't have a roof it would not be a cave; it would be a canyon or ravine. It's simply the bedrock rock that spans the void that is the cave.
This is caused by the concentration of minerals solidifying over time, normally from groundwater trickling through cracks in the roofs of such caverns contains dissolved calcium bicarbonate. When a drop of water comes in contact with the air of the cavern, some of the calcium bicarbonate is transformed into calcium carbonate, which is precipitated out of the water solution and forms a ring of calcite on the roof of the cavern.
No, it is stalactites that form on the ceilings. Stalagmites form on the cavern floors.
Stalagmites
true!
Example sentence - They were awed by the vastness of the cavern.
sinkhole
stalactite
stalactite
A Shakehole or Sinkhole.
Stalactites
Stalagmite. That from the roof is a stalactite - think G for Ground and C for Ceiling.
A cavern is a large underground cave, and a sinkhole is part of the ground that has collapsed into a hole due to weight on top of it or because of the ground underneath it dissolving. A sinkhole might occur due to land being over a cavern when the cavern roof dissolves too small and the weight on top overcomes the strength of the land.
Caverns that form in limestone areas, due to rain water dissolving the limestone over millions of years, produce stalactites and stalagmites. Stalactites are icicle-like rock formations of deposited limestone hanging down from the cavern's roof. Stalagmites grow upwards from the cavern floor, due to the limestone solution dripping on the floor from the roof. In some cases, the stalactite and stalagmite joins in the middle to form a column.
A doline or shake-hole - and depending on the nature of both cave and collapse it can create an entrance to the cave.
Sinkholes form typically as limestone dissolves. A caldera is created by the collapse of volcanic vault ceilings.
Stalagmite. (Not to be confused with a stalactite, which forms from the roof.)
It is called a Stalagmite. The corresponding formation on the cave roof is a Stalactite.