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It is made of phospholipids (phosphoglycerides, sphingolipids), cholesterol and it can contain a lot of membrane-associated proteins.
Phospholipides (phosphoglycerides, sphingolipids) form a lipid bi-layer, where non-polar moieties (long hydrophobic "tails") are faced inwards, whereas polar "heads" (mostly phosphates, alcohol derivatives or other polar components) are turned outwards. Main components of cell membrane are Phosphatidylserine PS and Phosphatidylcholine PC. Membranes with lots of PS are generally thicker compared to those of PC. Cholesterol can increase the thickness of membrane too and it also causes it to be less fragile.


Membrane can have membrane proteins on its surface (lipid or GPI anchored) or other proteins going through it (transmembrane). These proteins are unequally distributed on a membrane, thus forming membrane microdomains of variable composition or forming an "polarity" of a membrane - some proteins or lipids are specific to cytoplasmic or extracellular surface of a membrane.

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15y ago

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